ࡱ>  +bjbj 4u+++++&$."""""""$T')b""#XXX "X"XXrK!T!@ŒQ+ !"#0&$!2X*X*!!JX*)"`X""X&$X* : PROP POSITIONAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL To scrummage, both props must be extremely strong in the neck, shoulders, upper body, and legs. They should relish one-to-one contact. In the lineout, they should be able to support or lift the jumper (if allowed) to prevent the opposition winning the ball. In todays game, props need to be able to handle the ball, deliver quality passes, support play, and tackle well. SCRUM Loose head the player who wears number 1 and scrummages on the left-hand side of the front row. His job is to ensure the scrum does not move backwards and support the hooker by holding up his opponent, which allows the hooker to see and strike the ball. He has to resist pressure from the opposition and have a stance that allows the ball to go back of the scrum from the strike. Tight head the player who wears number 3 and scrummages on the right-hand side of the front row. His job is to ensure the scrum is solid and does not move backwards, and support the hooker by holding a square-on position. With both shoulders in contact, he can provide additional pressure on the oppositions scrum. Front rows must engage the opposition using the following sequence: Crouch-Touch-Pause-Engage KEY SKILLS REQUIRED Body position and scrimmaging technique Attacking rucks and rucking Handling and body position in contact Protecting the ball in contact and mauls Tackling Strength, fitness and stamina PRACTICES SCRUM Practice scrimmaging (on a machine and against opposition) whilst supervised Practices should include individual work, work with the hooker, and work as a front row. LINEOUT Practice correct supporting technique for lineout jumpers (U16d and above) Practice blocking and binding techniques to protect the ball and jumper RUCK AND MAUL Practice correct, low driving techniques make an impact with your shoulders, drive powerfully from the legs through a series of short steps HOOKER POSITIONAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL The hooker is a key team member; one of the spine of the team. He tends to be the coordinator at the scrum and lineout. The hooker can play a similar role to the flanker due to his role as thrower at the lineout. The lineout is a key area of possession, and if the hooker throws the ball in, he must ensure that it is accurate to enable his receiver to maintain possession. SCRUM The hooker grips his props under the armpits and pulls them towards him; the props should bind around the hooker to ensure that they act as one solid unit. The hooker strikes for the ball (usually with his right foot) and propels it through the loose-head props legs at the right pace and direction (usually channel 1 or 2) The hooker may also try to put pressure on his opponent when it is the oppositions put in; he does this by either driving on him, or striking for the ball sometimes called a strike against the head. LINEOUT The hooker is the teams flanker at the front of the lineout, who is able to clear up any spilled ball or attack with ball in hand. He must also throw accurately, protect or react to any loose ball, and threaten the opposition ball. KEY SKILLS REQUIRED Body position and scrimmaging technique striking for the ball Attacking rucks and rucking Handling and body position in contact Protecting the ball in contact and mauls Tackling Strength, fitness and stamina Throwing to the lineout call PRACTICES SCRUM Practice scrimmaging (on a machine and against opposition) while supervised Practices should include individual work, work with the props, and work with the scrum half on: o Timing of the strike of the ball, speed of the strike, and direction (channel1 or 2) o Body position for the strike, and for the eight-man shove LINEOUT Practice accurate throwing (e.g. a torpedo throw) Always practice using a target (e.g. a rugby post, a mark on a wall, a player) Try and work under match conditions (e.g. three short shuttle runs, and throw the ball in and Repeat) There are various types of throws, but one of the basic ways to carry out a throw is as follows: o Hold ball in front of chest in two hands in a flat position o The throwing hand supports the ball underneath on right-hand side of the ball (if thrower is right-handed) o Spread the fingers along the seam of the ball o The non-throwing hand rests on top, on the left-hand side of the ball o Take the ball back over the head, with the right hand now at the back of the ball, and the left hand at the front o Keep the eyes focused on the intended target o Throw soccer style with power derived from a quick action SECOND ROW / LOCK POSITIONAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL The lock is a key ball winner in many areas of the field, but particularly in the lineout and restarts. As the locks tend to be bigger players, and are difficult to tackle, they should be competent at running with the ball in hand. SCRUM The lock, as an individual, must have an excellent scrimmaging technique, which contributes to the total effectiveness of the scrum as a unit. The locks provide the powerhouse drive of the scrum, and therefore have to work closely with their props to optimize the drive. They should develop strong bind through the props legs, pulling the prop onto their own shoulder. The two locks should also bind so that they pull each others hips close together, and have a flat back, ready to drive. LINEOUT The locks tend to jump to retrieve the ball in the lineout. Locks need to develop their ability to jump from a stationary position, or moving forwards and backwards. They should be expert at catching the ball while in the air in a variety of situations (e.g. one-handed, two-handed, in front of the jumper, or arching backwards to catch a looping ball). Locks also need to be strong in the arms and upper body to resist competition in the air for the ball from opponents. RESTARTS Similar to the lineout, the lock, being one of the taller and stronger players, should seek to catch the ball from their own opponents restart kicks. They should practice trying to take the ball as high as possible, by either catching, or catching and playing the ball back towards his players. KEY SKILLS REQUIRED Body position and scrimmaging technique Attacking rucks and rucking Handling and body position in contact Protecting the ball in contact and mauls Tackling Strength, fitness and stamina Lineout jumping and handling Defending lineouts PRACTICES SCRUM Practice scrimmaging (on a machine and against opposition) while supervised Practices should include individual work, work with his fellow lock and with the front three and back row on: Body position, dynamic driving position flat back, legs in driving position LINEOUT Practice jumping going forwards, backwards and straight up, leading with the left foot and right foot Practice catching the ball in the air with one hand and two hands Basketball is an excellent game for developing handling and jumping FLANKER POSITIONAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL Flankers form part of the back row of the forwards. They may play left or right of the scrum or open and blind of the scrum. Together with the number 8, flankers are the essential link in ensuring that play maintains its movement forward they retain possession, recycle the ball, and give the team continuity. In defence, they are key players in winning possession from opponents. SCRUM A flankers first role at the scrum is to push and add stability to the pack. If the flanker is on the side of the put-in, he should be helping to control the ball, if required, when the hooker has struck it. Once the scrum is over, flankers should be first away to support play. On opponents scrums, flankers should add to the eight-man drive and be up quickly to defend once the ball is played. LINEOUT The flankers role in the lineout is varied. One flanker, often the stronger of the two, helps to support or lift a jumper, whilst the other, often the quickest and best ball handler, stands at the back of the lineout to support the attack and sweep up. In defensive lineout, the flanker at the back will look to put pressure on the opposition backs. DEFENCE In defence, the flankers must pressure the opposition inside backs. At the tackle area, flankers try and disrupt possession by either stealing the ball on contact, stepping over the ball and driving off opponents (if it is grounded), or by picking the ball up. CONTINUITY/OPEN PLAY A flanker should ensure that he is in support of play as often as possible. He should be a competent ball carrier, able to manage contact in the tackle area, and ensure that possession of the ball is maintained. KEY SKILLS REQUIRED Body position and technique at the breakdown Tackling Handling and passing Attacking the loose ball Strength, fitness and stamina Ability to  read the opposition PRACTICES SCRUM ۉ Practice scrimmaging (on a machine and against opposition) whilst supervised ۉ Practices should include individual work, and work with the front five and back row on: Body position, dynamic driving position  flat back, legs in driving position; Back row moves and plays LINEOUT ۉ Practice blocking and binding techniques to protect the ball and jumper ۉ Practice jumping techniques same as for a lock OPEN PLAY ۉ Practice running with backs and number 8 to learn: Backs timing and alignment / Support play and decisions at the contact area / Practice playing the ball before, during, and after contact o Practice supporting the ball carrier when to receive a pass and which running line to take o Practice falling on loose ball and playing the ball off the floor NUMBER 8 POSITIONAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL The number 8 is usually a ball carrier, with good quality running and handling skills, and an aggressive tackler. As a key decision-maker, he is part of the spine of the team 2, 8, 9, 10 and 15. As part of the back row, he should work closely with his flankers to provide the essential link that maintains a forward movement of play. The number 8 must retain possession, recycle the ball and give the team continuity. In defence, he is an important figure in winning possession of the ball from the opposition. SCRUM In the scrum, the number 8 binds the locks together by having his shoulders against each player, whilst his arms pull them inwards. As he drives, this helps to transmit all the force in the scrum forwards. The number 8 has to control the ball at the back of the scrum with his feet, whilst maintaining his binding on the locks. He may need to transfer the ball to his right foot to allow his scrum half to pass the ball without interference from the opposite number 9. The number 8 may also pick up the ball from the scrum to start any back row moves. LINEOUT Traditionally, a number 8 has been a third lineout jumper due to his size. However, number 8s now may be required to lift or support a jumper. DEFENCE The number 8 should work with his flankers to provide defensive cover close to the breakdown or inside his own backs. If a flanker has been beaten on the inside, then the number 8 should be in a position to make the tackle. At the scrum, the number 8 should be the second tackler, after the flanker, around the sides of the scrum. CONTINUITY/OPEN PLAY The number 8 should ensure that he is in support of play as often as forward to the breakdown from scrums. He should be a competent ball carrier, be able to manage contact in the tackle area and ensure that possession of the ball is maintained. KEY SKILLS REQUIRED Body position and scrimmaging technique Attacking rucks and rucking Handling and body position in contact Protecting the ball in contact and mauls Tackling Strength, fitness and stamina PRACTICES SCRUM ۉ Practice scrimmaging (on a machine and against opposition) whilst supervised ۉ Practices should include individual work, and work with the front five and back row on o Body position, Dynamic driving position  flat back, legs in driving position o Back row moves and ploys o Controlling the ball at feet whilst static and whilst moving forwards or backwards o Timing of the pick up and drive or pick up and pass o  Locking out the scrum LINEOUT ۉ Practice jumping and correct supporting technique for lineout jumpers (U16s and above) ۉ Practice blocking and binding techniques to protect the ball and jumper OPEN PLAY ۉ Practice running with the backs and flankers to learn o Backs timing and alignment o Support play and decisions at the contact area o Practice playing the ball before, during and after contact o Practice supporting the ball carrier when to receive a pass and which running line to take SCRUM HALF POSITIONAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL The scrum half is the key player in the team. He is at the center of all that happens. He is the link between the forwards and the backs, the coordinator who dictates when the ball goes and what happens next. He is the key player in deciding the calls at lineout and scrums, an accurate passer of the ball, a good tackler, quick off the mark, an evasive runner, a motivator, a decision maker, a reader of the game and a tactician. PASSING The scrum half must be able to pass the ball quickly, without delay, off either left or right hand accurately, to the receiver. KICKING Ideally, the scrum half should be able to kick with either foot and should be able to effect high box kicks over scrums, lineout, rucks, or mauls. To execute these kicks successfully, he should use the protection of the breakdown, scrum or lineout, and take only one step back as he performs the kick. RUNNING A scrum half that can make a break using powerful acceleration will present a threat to the opposition. However, this should be done selectively, where there are gaps in defence. DEFENCE In scrum defence, the scrum half may play a number of roles. He should work closely with his back row and be one of the first players to tackle. He could also decide to follow the ball around if the opposition back-row picks and go. He could decide to concentrate on pressuring the opposition s fly half if the ball is passed. At rucks and mauls, the scrum half is likely to be a defensive organizer. TECHNIQUE AND SKILL ۉ Practice under varying pressure to the left and right: o The standing pass/ The pivot pass / The drive pass / The reverse pass ۉ Practice passing the ball when receiving it from a lineout, scrum, ruck, or maul ۉ Practice high hanging kicks off his right and left feet to land in a marked area for accuracy. Where to place the feet: The rear foot (that is the foot furthest from the intended receiver) should be placed close to the ball prior to passing. This helps transfer the player's weight from the rear to the front foot during the pass. Two common foot placement errors: 1. Straddling the ball, which provides stability but also prevents weight-transfer. This results in a reliance on upper-body strength, and a shorter pass. 2. The rear foot being too far away from the ball. That is, the body is not over the ball. This results in "overreaching", and falling over and forward after the pass due to the unstable distribution of weight during the passing movement. Foot alignment During the pass, a line drawn between the feet should be in line with the target. A common error is to place the lead or front foot too far ahead of the target, resulting in the pass being raised and sometimes placed behind the receiver. This is due to the front knee blocking the route of the ball, requiring the scrum half to lift and sweep the ball over and across the lead knee. FLY HALF POSITIONAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL The number 10 is the pivotal position in the team. The fly half is a key decision maker, as he will often decide the direction (left or right) and width (close or wide) of the next play, or the depth of the kick (short or long). He could also decide to run the ball and make a break. ATTACK The fly half should decide how flat he could take the ball (close to the gain line) in order to threaten the defence. He may attempt to break or retain possession on contact. He is also responsible for bringing his centers, wings, and forwards into play with a variety of passes or kicks. DEFENCE The fly half plays a full role in defence as a tackler and he will help to co-ordinate back line defence from set pieces. KICKING The fly half should be a competent kicker out of hand to add to his attacking capabilities. He should be able to make high hanging kicks, chips, grubber, and diagonal kicks, with the key aim of retaining possession. He often restarts play with drop kicks. He may also have to make clearing kicks to  touch under pressure in defence. PRACTICES TECHNIQUE AND SKILL ۉ Practice receiving the ball from his scrum half from both sides and at varying lengths of pass ۉ Practice receiving a ball and making a break using explosive acceleration ۉ Practice evasive running skills to avoid contact and beat defenses ۉ All types of kicks should be practiced with either foot under varying pressure  using a series of targets ۉ Practice kicking towards touch but keeping the ball in play to force the opposition to concede a lineout PLAYS The pass from the scrum half (9) to the fly half (10) can be rushed, especially if your scrum or ruck is under pressure. This can result in teams being "squeezed" and hurried as the defence rushes up. This is a particular problem for the fly half. The wider the fly half can stand, the better. It means the opposition flanker has further to travel to make a tackle, opens up space on the inside, and ensures that the opposition fly half is less likely to drift. There are then three running lines that the fly half can make to take a short pass from the scrum half. 1. Towards the pass The fly half runs towards the pass. The opposition flanker will have to hold his line to tackle the fly half, and the opposition fly half will probably be set for some form of drift defence, if not a straight run. Consequently, space is created on the outside shoulder of the fly half. A backs move with a pass or switch from the fly half to a player running back to the space can then be very effective. This is the most unusual line to take and therefore one which is only worth using on the odd occasion. Have the fly half take the ball straight and then angling in can be even more effective. 2. Straight ahead The fly half runs straight ahead at the gap between the opposition flanker and fly half. As one or both of them step in to make the tackle, the fly half passes into the space, either left or right. This is the simplest way of creating space. Assuming a shortish pass from the scrum half, it is also easily defended. This is mainly due to the smaller gap between the flanker and fly half. 3. Working the big drift, finding the "different space" The fly half runs further away from the scrum half pass than normal. This is the most contentious angle to take, because we normally expect fly halves to straighten the line. In other words to prevent the space being used up for the outside backs. The fly half receives the ball moving forward and aims at the outside shoulder of the opposition fly half. The angle of run is then widened to change the aim to the inside shoulder of the opposition inside centre (12). The opposition fly half is then dragged further than he expects or wants. Though the defensive inside centre should be drifting, he is instead looking to tackle your fly half running at him. The fly half now straightens his run at the last moment before contact, to hit the gap between the opposition fly half and centre. This creates space in a channel between the defensive flanker and fly half, since the flanker is having to cover more distance than he expected, and perhaps between the two defensive centres (12 and 13). A simple pop pass to a straight runner, which is safer and more secure than a switch, then has a good chance of breaking through the defensive line. CENTRE POSITIONAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL A centre is a key decision maker when his team is in possession. He must decide instantly whether to pass, kick, or make contact and retain the ball, or make a break. In defence, the centre is often required to tackle his opponent. ATTACK A centre should have the confidence to take on and beat his opponent and play the ball out of the tackle. Centres are often involved in set moves from the scrum and lineout. They should be prepared to read the game and anticipate what happens next from open play. The centre should be able to deliver a variety of short and long passes, kick diagonally, high or grubber style, to beat flat defenses. DEFENCE The defence of the centres must be coordinated and watertight. As a general rule, centres should advance towards the opposition together in a flat line and on the inside (nearest the breakdown) of their opponents to ensure that they are pushed away from their main support. CONTACT Centres need to have excellent contact skills. They are often the first tacklers in defence. They should be able to retain the ball in contact and support the new ball carrier after a pass. PRACTICES TECHNIQUE AND SKILL ۉ Practice receiving and passing the ball from left and right ۉ Practice different lines of running by changes of direction into gaps rather than running at opponents ۉ Practice receiving a ball and making a break using explosive acceleration ۉ Practice evasive running skills to avoid contact and beat defenses ۉ All types of kicks should be practiced with either foot under varying pressure  using a series of targets. INSIDE CENTRE - Tight, hard defender Tight defence: As a defender, the inside centre needs to come up level with the fly half (10) and outside centre (13). Obvious though this may seem, it is more likely that the inside centre needs to "glue" the fly half and outside centre together. The focus is on going up with the fly half until the ball moves beyond the inside centre channel and then covering the inside of the outside centre. The outside centre needs absolute confidence in the inside centre because they are in the hardest tackling position, with pace, angles and space to contend with. Therefore the inside centre needs to keep communicating with the outside centre all the time. Hard defence: Inside centres make more of their tackles head on. Most good tacklers have a preferred shoulder for a hard tackle, but the best inside centres will need to be able to make an aggressive tackle with either shoulder. Attack In attack the inside centre has three main roles: 1. Decoy: As part of a set move to release a strike move which intends to break the defensive line first time. For instance run as a dummy runner on a switch or miss move. Of course they could be passing the ball to release a strike runner, which can be more effective since the focus of creativity has moved one out, perhaps confusing the defence. 2. Attacking the gain line: To deliberately set up a second phase ball and tie in defenders. As part of a strategy to disorganise a defence, the inside centre might be involved in a move which requires them to hit contact. This will require the player to be comfortable in contact, being able to release the ball either in an offload to a flanker, or present the ball effectively for the support players. It might be that they are required to be the first player to the breakdown for a second phase move. 3. Recovery attacker:Here the inside centre is likely to be needed to take the ball from the fly half if there has been a breakdown of the original move, or the fly half has received poor ball. The inside centre needs to go forward, "stay strong" and give his side every chance of recovery, so the team can reset for another attack. Running lines A running line is the angle that the player takes to receive the ball and continue with it in hand.They are determined by where the player starts in the first instance. A good running line may be taken up by changing direction once. Of all the players in the game, the running lines of the inside centre can create the most space relative to that which they have available. Breakdowns the third flanker The mindset of any good inside centre should be to clear away defenders at a breakdown, to allow the ruck or maul to be won. The inside centre is most likely to be in a good position to do this. Therefore they should be training alongside the back row to help make themselves more effective. It is often said that there is little to choose between a 12 and a 7 (except that the former tends to be a little prettier!). WING POSITIONAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL Chosen for flair, speed, and elusiveness, a winger must also be reliable in defence and be able to kick and to deal with opposition kicks. Wingers must have a high work rate and go looking for the ball if it is not coming in their direction. They should be able to read the game and anticipate what happens next. ATTACK The winger should have excellent handling skills, should be able to beat opponents by speed, change of pace, evasion and hand-off. He should be able to keep the ball alive by either taking a tackle and passing the ball to a supporting player, or staying on his feet as long as possible, or by initiating a counter attack with his other wing and/or full back. The winger should have excellent ball retention skills on contact and must contribute fully to maul, ruck and tackle situations. DEFENCE Defensively, from the scrum and lineout, the open-side wing may stand wide and deep to ensure that if the opposition kicks diagonally, he will be able to gather the kick more easily. However, once the ball has gone through the attacking fly halfs hands, he must rapidly move forward to be in a position to tackle in conjunction with his outside centre. Alternatively, the open-side wing could operate flat with his centres from the beginning. As a blind-side wing, he must understand his role in conjunction with his own back row and scrum half when defending in the 22 metre area and be prepared to cover across the field if the attack goes open. RECEIVING Numbers 14 and 11 should be able to field a variety of diagonal, high, or grubber kicks. 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Learn how to preserve space, pull defenders in and then swerve outwards to beat the defender (or pass to a looping support player). FULL BACK POSITIONAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL The full back often has greater opportunity, time and space to read the game as it unfolds in front of him in attack or defence. The ability to read the game and to anticipate what happens next is a key quality in a full back. ATTACK The full back, whilst attacking, should look to be involved by either being a strike runner (coming from depth into a gap and receiving a ball) or acting as a decoy runner to hold the attention of the defence. The full back can vary where he comes in to the line, but should do so at pace. If the ball is kicked into his own half, the full back should look to link up with other players such as his wingers and counter attack. KICKING The full back often has to execute a range of kicks, some to relieve pressure, some to counter attack. DEFENCE The full back is often the last line of defence. He should help to organize the defence, as he has a wider vision than most players. If a player makes a break, he should shorten the thinking time of the attacker by moving towards him in a controlled manner, shepherding him towards the touchline. FIELDING/CATCHING The full back has to deal with a range of kicks from opponents. Catching them in the air before they bounce is preferable; he will however, have to deal with long kicks and pick up or fall on the ball whilst it is rolling along the ground. Open play: offence The fullback can come into the line. His role can be: support runner, extra pair of hands, dummy runner Speed is not absolutely essential but the timing of the entry into the backline is, think of your role coming in on the blind side of the number eight or scrum-half. The lines and angle of attack but most of all the timing determines whether the entry / penetration will be successful. Do not try to "telegraph" your entry. A good option is always to be the extra man on the outside. You need the speed though.... Defense You need to catch the high ball, if you drop it then you punish the whole team: they all have to come back, loose valuable meters and have to scrum. The fullback needs to make the try-saving tackle. The whole team should not have to worry about these two qualities. A big responsibility ! Determine the pattern of attack and set the defensive pattern accordingly. You have to decide when you move forward to join the defensive back line. Communicate with the wings, both wings and the fullback are the last line of defence. In a one-on-one situation encourage the ball carrier to go outside, the touchline will be a defensive boundary. In a one-on-two situation start to move to the player without the ball, perhaps the ball-carrier will dummy and find you stepping back! 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